Essay on Analyzing Early Mesopotamian Civilization

When analyzing ancient civilization and how it began, there are many elements and aspects that should be considered. Questions such as how did civilization begin? What lead to its creation? Where did it begin, and why in that particular location? Many of these questions can be examined and answered by researching what many believe is the world’s earliest civilization, Mesopotamia. It is widely believed that this region was chosen and supported one of the world’s first civilizations. This area was settled over 10,000 years ago by a group of people known as the Sumerians (Cunningham Reich, 2010). Why was this early civilization formed? There are many reasons as to why the Sumerians established the world’s first society. Many of†¦show more content†¦Raw materials for development were also a significant factor in why the Mesopotamian’s choose their location for community development. The Mesopotamia region is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in the Middle East. Today, much of that area is now considered to be modern Iraq. Through the domestication of many animal types, materials such as leather, wool and fibers were readily available. The area provided other needed survival materials as well such as water for fisheries, dates trees for food and some lumber, and a soil that suitable for making pottery as well as mud bricks for the creation of dwellings. A significant limitation of the area though was its lack of a significant wood source than the date palm, which could only be used in a limited form and would not support the building of a structure or home. Less of an issue, but still a limitation of the area was the regions lack of significant stone and metal. Marble was one of the only stones available in the region, but required a lengthy desert journey on foot to obtain it. As the fledgling civilization was forming, a number of very important developments began to take shape. The first, and probably most important was the development of an early literary system or writing system. The Sumerians began developing the early writing system by imprinting shapes onto wet clay pots to symbolize what was contained within each piece of pottery.Show MoreRelatedHow Do The Neolithic And Paleolithic Revolutions Differ?1657 Words   |  7 Pagesnow specialize on other things like building tools, architecture, science, etc. This creates a tremendous impact because it allows the civilization to advance in areas other than growth. New ideas can make the society more efficient and quickly increase the carrying capacity. 3. What controversy exists over the use of the term civilization? The term civilization has acquired a controversy because of the connotations it has adapted to carry. A civilized society is one that is credited with agricultureRead MoreComparing The River Valley Civilizations1509 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting River Valley Civilizations In the following treatise, the research that will be presented will provide criteria involving similarities and differences in three attributes of life in the four primary river valley civilizations. The river valley civilizations are composed of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. While each of these civilizations is unique in their habits and traditions, they share many similar qualities. For this work to be as comprehensive asRead MoreThe Destruction Of Ancient Mesopotamia1324 Words   |  6 PagesIn analyzing the present, one must evaluate the past. For ancient civilizations the most important part of life was having a food source. For this reason, early human civilizations were usually established on or near a water source. In addition, they faced many problems with native animals and their natural habitats. Because of their lack of knowledge they searched for reasons to explain their hardships. Ancient civilizations physical environments were harsh, but the res ources of the environmentRead MoreAncient Greeks And The Sumerians1143 Words   |  5 Pagesearliest civilizations on earth. Their existence as a civilization was not even discovered until the middle of 1800AD. As a result of the ancient Greeks and Egyptians who wrote about the Babylonians most people did not realize that the Sumerians preceded the Babylonians. Furthermore, it was the Sumerians that developed writing, a religion and numerous agricultural methods, which continued on with the following civilizations. A combination of British, German and French archeologists, in early 1800ADRead MoreComparing Ancient India And Persia1420 Words   |  6 PagesComparing and Analyzing the Architecture in Ancient India and Persia In ancient civilizations, architecture was fundamental to revealing certain aspects of a culture, such as its leaders and their communication with the citizens. Rulers that controlled society utilized temples and buildings to express their power and communicate with their subjects. Cultures were able to express their abilities through architecture, along with their beliefs and the functionality of their society. Architecture allowedRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Ancient Egypt1177 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology in Ancient Egypt When one thinks of Egypt, the first thing that comes to mind are the pyramids. The pyramids are the most recognized art form in history because of its uniqueness and aesthetics. This may be because for an ancient civilization, Egypt was astounding in regards of technology. They did not just build one model of their ideal pyramid, instead they created many over and over again, to establish a perfect resting place for their ruler and the ruler’s family. This verifies thatRead MoreThe Testament Of The Old Testament Essay2307 Words   |  10 Pagesreligious documentations consist of four parts. These four sections include the Old Testaments are the laws, history, wisdom and prophecy. The laws are a rule of behavior enforced within the community. The rules are sometimes called â€Å"Torah.† When analyzing these Torah, these rules were located in the first five spiritual books of the Bible. For example, in the first Torah in Genesis, it explains the creation, Noah’s Flood, Abraham and Isaac, and Joseph’s coats of many colors. However, the laws in ExodusRead MorePredynastic And Dynastic Egypt1604 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles, one can discuss different views and possible explanations for state formation in ancient Egypt. The first article that was taken into consideration was Lords of the Two Lands: The Origins of Dynastic Egypt by Wenke. Wenke begins by analyzing traditional views on Egyptian state formation and the evidence that supports it. The author continues by discussing archeologists who provided significant contributions to ancient Egypt research and by offering several different theories for stateRead MoreReligion Unit 1 Complete : The Old Testament Essay2305 Words   |  10 Pagesdocumentations consisted of four parts. These four sections retrieved from the Old Testaments are the laws, history, wisdom and prophecy. The laws are a rule of behavior enforced within the community. The rules are sometimes called â€Å"Torah.† When analyzing this Torah, these rules viewed within the first five spiritual books of the Bible. For example, in the first Torah in Genesis, it explains the creation, Noah’s Flood, Abraham and Isaac, and Joseph’s coats of many colors. However, the l aws in ExodusRead MoreThe Old Testament Essay2294 Words   |  10 Pagesdocumentations consisted of four parts. These four sections retrieved from the Old Testaments are the laws, history, wisdom and prophecy. The laws are a rule of behavior enforced within the community. The rules are sometimes called â€Å"Torah.† When analyzing these Torah, these rules viewed within the first five spiritual books of the Bible. For example, in the first Torah in Genesis, it explains the creation, Noah’s Flood, Abraham and Isaac, and Joseph’s coats of many colors. However, the laws in Exodus

Designated Hitter Essay - 862 Words

Designated Hitter nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Do you prefer a bases loaded double that clears the bases and involves an exciting play at home plate? Or a boring three-run homerun where the base runners trot around the bases, while the defense stands around with dazed looks on their faces? Do you prefer stolen bases, squeeze plays, and trying to move the base runners to make something happen; as opposed to a team waiting for someone to hit a homerun? If you answered â€Å"yes† then consider yourself a fan of â€Å"small ball.† The characteristic of a Designated Hitter is the major difference between Major League Baseball’s two leagues: The American League and the National League. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American League has many†¦show more content†¦They are not relied upon to hit home runs, drive in runners in scoring position, or help the team win a game with their offense. Older players whose careers and skills are on the decline have a chance to play for an extra year or two. George Brett, Carl Yastrzemski, Paul Moliter, Dave Winfield, Joe Carter, and Eddie Murray were all able to extend their careers as designated hitters. This affects the way players are inducted into the hall of fame. A player with declining physical abilities in the National League will simply be put on the bench and become a substitute. While in the American League, that same player could keep getting the same number of at bats by being switched to the Designated Hitter. As a result, American League players are being inducted into the hall of fame more often because their statistics are aided by the DH rule. American League Pitchers can go deeper into games because they don’t need to be lifted for a pinch hitter. American League pitchers can concentrate on just pitching; they don’t have to go to the plate and bat. They may be more likely to intimidate opposing batters by aggressively pitching inside and even hit batters without fear of being thrown at themselves, knowin g that they personally will not have to enter the batter’s box and deal with possible retaliation from the opposing pitcher. The National League has its own advantages because of its lack of a Designated Hitter. Some National League statistics have always been higherShow MoreRelatedThe Elimination of the Designated Hitter in Baseball Essay496 Words   |  2 PagesThe Elimination of the Designated Hitter in Baseball Baseball is a simple game. You throw the ball. You hit the ball. You catch the ball. At least it used to be that way until Ron Blomberg became the major leagues first designated hitter in 1973. Now, for a DH, baseball has become even simpler: You eat some cheese fries. You hit the ball. You eat some more cheese fries. Fortunately, this less-than-strenuous regimen might not last much longer. Baseball team owners have notified the playersRead MoreEssay To Hit Or Not To Hit1130 Words   |  5 PagesHancock ENGWR 300 10:30 8 October 2017 Argument Essay Draft 2 To Hit or Not to Hit In 1973, Major League Baseball accepted Rule 5.11, also known as the Designated Hitter (DH) rule. This rule allows a player, who does not play a defensive position, to hit in place of the pitcher. The rule was created because pitchers, most of whom are notoriously bad hitters, were basically a free out for the opposing team. However, for some ungodly reason, the new DH rule was only established in one of the two leaguesRead MorePlaying Softball : A High Level Of Competition1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe softball fields show me what it is like to never give up, have confidence, and to work hard for the accomplishments down the road. Playing with new teammates every year was a challenge. I never knew who was going to be the lazy one or the best hitter. What we needed to learn was how to work together as a team. In the practices, my teammates and I got together and learned real quick, which teammates were athletic and the teammates that did not put in the effort to be there on the team. This isRead MoreThe Game Theory of Baseball2007 Words   |  9 Pagesseven with a 5-1 lead. The upcoming reliever (pitcher who is not a starter) made a miserable condition, bases are loaded against the tie-run batter, David Ortiz. The primary players involved in this at-bat were: Red Sox: #34 David Ortiz, Designated hitter - Career Stats: .287 BA, .381 OBP, .549 SLG i #12 Mike Napoli, Infielder - Career Stats: .286 BA, .340 OBP, .449 SLG Tigers: #62 Al Alburquerque, Pitcher, Reliever - Career Stats: 10-3, 2.98 ERA, 1.297 WHIP #53 Jo Benoit, Pitcher, RelieverRead MoreThe National League Of Major League Baseball1443 Words   |  6 PagesShould there be a designated hitter in the national league in major league baseball? That is the question that is being asked around major league baseball by fans, owners, managers, and the players. If a team is playing in an American league ball park both teams must use a designated hitter in place of the pitcher. If a team is playing in a National league ball park both teams’ pitchers must hit instead of having a designated hitter. This is set to give each league an advantage when playing in interleagueRead MoreBaseball Is America s Sport1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe MLB regular season 73.2 billion people went to go see their favorite baseball team compared to the 59 billion who went to a NFL and NBA game. The sport of baseball is only getting better with all these new changes like the invention of the designated hitter who only bats and doesn’t field, tha t really excites the fans. Over the years baseball has seen new teams added to the league and having 11 world series since 2000. The MLB has had athletes from other sports such as Bo Jackson, Deion SandersRead MoreThe Success Of The Buffalo Bills Essay1376 Words   |  6 PagesStatistics like these only come about once in a generation. Teams are comprised of various talent. Some are like Miguel Cabrera. Cabrera always has a batting average over .300 with at least 25 home runs. These types of players are considered great hitters. Other’s, like Stephan Drew, get a hit less than 20% of the time they have an at bat. Players similar to Drew’s skill set have a job because they are very good at defense and their value on defense out ways their value on offense to their specificRead MoreA Rose for Emily by William Faulkner 1043 Words   |  5 Pagesbillet involving reference to the every second clich , the ones become absent-minded dont undertake horns...†. Laura was prowl climb and felt freakish in out walking papers running and advantageous to make consistent in thither the Baseball designated hitter forefather. departs the roam of prowl whereabouts. she was flicker overseas of order to the American aim and unsystematically Tom felt turn this like one another emperor close was subhuman invaded and got heedful. He directly wake up impregnateRead MoreBaseball s Favorite Pastimes Since The First League1417 Words   |  6 Pageswas Cricket. Cricket is a game sort of similar to baseball. It is a lot safer than baseball with everyone wearing helmets, pads and faceguards. It was a game invented by King Arthur I in the 1300s in sheep pastures. You play it by a whole line†¯of hitters and then the fielders have to get them out by tagging them. The game is popular all over the world today and played in several countries.†¯ †¯Baseball Leagues History†¯ †¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The National league was the first ever professional baseball team in historyRead MoreNetball Essay1371 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line (refer to court diagram) while in a back row position. The Court, Playing Area , Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (296 x 59). Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (910) back from the center line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2 wide). Net Height , Net height for men, co-ed mixed 6, outdoor is 2.43 meters or 711-5/8. Net height for women, 74-1/8. The height of the net shall be 8. Ball

To Document Ella Baker’s Life Free Essays

To document Ella Baker’s life is to recount the history of the civil rights movement. Whenever there was a cause to fight for or a group to organize, this dedicated women was there. Ella was born 1903, she grew up and received her education in North Carolina. We will write a custom essay sample on To Document Ella Baker’s Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon and at one time, president of the New York branch Ella went South in the 1950s to help the civil rights movement as it was developing in Alabama. With 30 years of organizing experience under her belt, Ella’s advice to Martin Luther King, Jr. nd other leaders of the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 was invaluable. She stayed South and helped Dr. King set up the headquarters of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC). A few years later she played an important part in helping to organize student sit-in demonstrations that were occurring all over the South. This activity led to the formation of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), one of the most powerful student-activist movements formed in U. S. history. She also helped to found the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in 1964, which helped to give African Americans in Mississippi more political power. Ella continued to serve as the â€Å"godmother† and mentor of SNCC as it moved into other human rights issues. Her greatest asset was her ability to organize and mobilize people of all generations. Although her name was not publicized as much as other male leaders, the civil rights movement would not have been the same without her. Shortly before her death in 1986, a documentary titled â€Å"Fundi: The Story of Ella Baker† was aired on public television. Fundi is the Swahili word for a person who passes on skill to a younger generation. It is a fitting description of Ella Baker’s legacy. graduating from Shaw University, she moved to New York City just before the Depression of 1929. There she became active in various causes. She worked briefly with the Work Projects Administration (WPA) and then worked to end discrimination in organized labor through the NAACP. How to cite To Document Ella Baker’s Life, Papers

Pathway and Attribution Exercise

Question: Discuss about the Pathway and Attribution Exercise. Answer: Calculate the FollowingMetrics impressions CPM normalization factors Remarketing on non- FBX 7494800 63.26 14 Remarketing on FBX 2092117 48.12 13 retention 4568725 26.45 16 Prospecting 1758239 41.26 11 ROAS impressions CPM normalization factors Total ROAS Remarketing on non- FBX 7494800 63.26 14 118476.1303 Remarketing on FBX 2092117 48.12 13 43477.07814 retention 4568725 26.45 16 172730.6238 Prospecting 1758239 41.26 11 42613.64518 Incremental Rate impressions CPM normalization factors Total ROAS Cntrl revenues incremental rate Remarketing on non-fbx 7494800 63.26 14 118476.1303 1658665.824 416866.7269 Remarkeing on FBX 2092117 48.12 13 43477.07814 565202.0158 31731.40034 retention 4568725 26.45 16 172730.6238 2763689.981 166200.1655 Prospecting 1758239 41.26 11 42613.64518 468750.0969 155965.9413 Incremental ROAS impressions CPM normalization factors Total ROAS cntrl revenues incremental rate incremental ROAS Remarketing on non- FBX 7494800 63.26 14 118476.1303 1658665.824 416866.7269 49388756634 Remarketing on FBX 2092117 48.12 13 43477.07814 565202.0158 31731.40034 1379588572 retention 4568725 26.45 16 172730.6238 2763689.981 166200.1655 28707858257 Prospecting 1758239 41.26 11 42613.64518 468750.0969 155965.9413 6646277284 Re-run and Analyze using a First Touch Attribution model Attribution model is the main foundation of marketing analysis and helps the market researcher to optimize and drove the ROAS and ROI of their campaigns. The fist touch attribution models allocates hundred per cent of the credit to the campaign that started the very first interface somebody with the business (Chaffey and Smith, 2017). Moreover the model i.e. first touch attribution models pay no attention to the campaign that mainly drove the conversation and each interaction after the first touch. As per the analysis and evaluation it has been observed that marketers who are mainly empathized upon the demand generation rather than rely on conversations may use this techniques and it is useful from them. In addition to this the first touch attribution models highlights the campaigns that initial introduce a client or consumers to the organization brand regardless of the result. Instead of this, utilizing first touch attribution model presents very limited optimization capability to m arketers (Chaffey and Smith, 2013). With not gaining and understanding the capability to identify what mainly drove revenues and conversations, marketers or researcher will have no easy task to justify its impact on the organizations bottom line (PAIGE, 2017). Prepare a Deck that: As per the findings of the data from the calculation, it has been observed that the total roas values of Remarketing on non-fbx, remarketing on FBX, retention and prospecting are $118476.1303, $43477.07814, $172730.6238 and $42613.64518 respectively. Therefore use of this technique the marketers effectively determined the dollors achieved per spend on the corresponding ads. Moreover from the findings it has been seen that values of Incremental roas of Remarketing on non-fbx, remarketing on FBX, retention and prospecting are $49388756634, $1379588572, $ 28707858257 and $6646277284 the shows that organization generating better revenues from the market. Distinguish methodology As per the analysis and evaluation it has been obtained that use of the first touch attribution methods in not appropriate to find the optimum outcomes and also drove the revenues in effective manner. Moreover, it has been seen that most of the market researchers or analysts are not in favor of use of first touch attribution methods to calculate the revenues because the methods has limited optimization ability to computer conversions and revenues (Jeffery, 2010). Therefore to find better outcomes and optimum result most of the marketers prefers last touch attribution procedures and time decay attribution methods. In the process of the last touch attribution approximately hundred per cent of the credit goes to the marketing dealings that drove the conversation in last touch attribution models. Whereas, in the process of time decay procedures, the most credit is goes to the dealings that outcome in conversion. Therefore, from the above evaluation and analysis it has been suggested that marketer needs to implement time decay attribution models. From the above analysis it has been suggested that marketers need to implement the time decay attribution procedures in order to calculate the revenues generated from the ads. The main benefits of this procedures is that it has an effectiecve ability to compute and optimize truly and accurate (Lee, 2009). In addition to this it is also helps the marketers to determine the significance of each interaction foremost up to the conversation while still incorporating the vital values of performance that mainly drove the conversion. With the help of use this tools, marketers can effectively optimize for touches and obtain conversation and the touches which raise the likelihood on conversation in upcoming years. Therefore from the above discussion and analysis I would recommend that the marketers needs to adopt other methodology to find the revenues and conversation in successfully and effective manner. In addition to this it has been seen that this procedure aids the marketer to determine the values in accurate and optimum methods. Provides a Perspective on the Top Conversation Path As per the calculation and findings it has been said that the best and top conversation path is E1w E1f E1w because it is associated with the high demand and high profits. From the findings it has been seen that the order that is placed by the customers are above than 3000 and the total order is $201895 that indicates this path conversation performing well and helps the marketer to generate better revenues in successful and effective manner. References Chaffey, D. and Smith, P. (2013).Emarketing Excellence. 1st ed. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Chaffey, D. and Smith, P. (2017).Digital Marketing Excellence. 1st ed. Florence: Taylor and Francis. Jeffery, M. (2010).Data-Driven Marketing. 1st ed. Hoboken: Wiley. Lee, K. (2009).Pay-per-click search advertising. 1st ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. PAIGE, L. (2017).FIRST TOUCH. 1st ed. [S.l.]: ST MARTIN'S PRESS.

Twelve Angry Men Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Twelve Angry Men Persuasive Essay Sometimes in life your professions reflect on your personalities. Twelve Angry Men is an example of where this occurs. Twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. Whether they brought good or bad qualities from their profession, they all affected the outcome. The leadership skills of Courtney Vance, the compassion of Dorian Harwood, and the opinionated Tony Danza affected the actions and decisions in the jury room. Courtney Vance is a high school football coach; his position in the jury room is a foreman. On the football field, Vance acts as a mediator, a leader, and an organizer. We will write a custom essay on Twelve Angry Men Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As a foreman for this trial, Vance definitely carries all those traits into the jury room with him. If it were not for Vance, there would not have been any order in the jury room. He acts as a coach in the jury room as he formed fine lines of respect. He acts as a mediator for all of the arguments that went on in the jury room. Every time, Vance is there to calm everyone down and gain back order in the room. His leadership skills also shine in the jury room as well. He controls and leads every discussion, speaking order, voting, nd demonstration. Vance takes on the leading role and handles it well. He also brings organization into the jury room by organizing the juries, the discussions, and the votes. With the excellent traits that Vance brings into the jury room, he allows the trial to run smoothly and effectively. Dorian Harwood? s profession as nurse also shapes his actions in the jury room. In the jury room, he acts with compassion and respect. As a nurse he does the same. His compassion lies in caring for another. He relates that to the trial by thinking of the boy as one of his patients. He wants him to have a fair hance at life, and therefore wants him to have a fair trial. In the jury room, he acts with respect because he is very unsure about the case, and really does not know how he feels about things. So when it is his turn to talk he passes to hear the others before he makes the wrong assumption. With these actions he shows a lot of respect for not only the boy on trial, but also to the other juries. Harwood definitely shows compassion and respect in the jury room, and all of these strong traits come from his experience as a nurse. Tony Danza, a salesman, definitely brings his working traits with him in the ury room. As a salesman, he is impatient, opinionated, and rude. Tony does not care about anyone but himself. He shows that he is very impatient by not even thinking about the trial but rather the baseball tickets that he has for that night. He just wants to get out of there as soon as he can. He is very opinionated and that definitely stands out in the jury room. He does not care what anyone has to say. He has his own beliefs and does not care or want to hear anyone else? s views. He is also known to be rude, because he shows no compassion or thought towards the boy on trial and he just wants to get it over ith. He does not even stop to think that someone? s life is on the line, he is too concerned about his own. Tony? s profession does not give him the best qualities, as he does not have the best qualities in the jury room. Courtney Vance, Dorian Harwood, and Tony Danza are three men who are shaped by the professions in which they live. Their professions give the men certain qualities, good and bad, that they carry with them into other parts of their lives. Each man shows these qualities in the jury room and they affect the actions and decisions that are made.

The Study of Stone in Archaeology or Lithics

The Study of Stone in Archaeology or Lithics Definition: Archaeologists use the (slightly ungrammatical) term lithics to refer to artifacts made of stone. Since organic materials such as bone and textiles are rarely preserved, the most common type of artifact found on a prehistoric archaeological site is worked stone, whether as prepared tools such as a handaxe, adze or projectile point, hammerstone, or the tiny flakes of stone called debitage, which resulted from the construction of those tools.Lithic analysis is the study of those objects, and can entail things like determining where the stone was quarried (called sourcing), when the stone was worked (such as obsidian hydration), what kind of technology was used to make the stone tool (flint knapping and heat-treatment), and what evidence there is of the tools use usewear or residue studies).   Sources I whole-heartedly recommend the Stone Age Research Collection pages of Roger Grace, for those who want to delve deeper. Andrefsky, Jr., William 2007 The application and misapplication of mass analysis in lithic debitage studies. Journal of Archaeological Science 34:392-402. Andrefsky Jr., William 1994 Raw-material availability and the organization of technology. American Antiquity 59(1):21-34. Borradaile, G. J., et al. 1993 Magnetic and optical methods for detecting the heat treatment of chert. Journal of Archaeological Science 20:57-66. Cowan, Frank L. 1999 Making sense of flake scatters: Lithic technological strategies and mobility. American Antiquity 64(4):593-607. Crabtree, Donald E. 1972. An Introduction to Flintworking. Occasional Papers of the Idaho State University Museum, No. 28. Pocatello, Idaho, Idaho State University Museum. Gero, Joan M. 1991 Genderlithics: Womens roles in stone tool production. In Engendering Archaeology: Women and Prehistory. Joan M. Gero and Margaret W. Conkey, eds. Pp. 163-193. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

Systematic Review Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Systematic Review - Article Example An ethical leader has to ensure that the employees in these organizations have clear policies documented clearly. The other problem is that an organization’s cultural environment can be challenging when it comes to ethical leadership. For examples, employees who notice serious problems might be afraid report ethical wrongs for fear of being noted as whistle blowers. Managers in such organizations need to be effective ethical leaders who can communicate well to employees to boost their willingness to speak up (Piccolo et al., 2010). Rousseau (2006) also notes this problem on page 261, when she argues that supervisors, who make too much use of their threats and punishment as a behavioral modification tool, do not make better leaders. Practicing ethical leadership requires consistency and being consistent with ethical rules. This is the other problem for most managers. Ethical leadership serves as an example to employees, because it shows their leaders stand by the set organizati onal values (Piccolo et al., 2010). According to Rousseau, it is only when managers gain an understanding of the principles that govern an organization, that they are able to repeat it over time and act as an example for their employees (2006, p. 261). In the problems presented above, practitioners are likely to have questions about them because they might have conflicting ideas. One of the questions that may arise would be: how can organizations formulate ethical policies? This question may give conflicting answers to different practitioners. How can managers promote consistency as ethical leaders? This is the other question. To promote consistency in managers, some may argue that managers need to illustrate a good example by following all rules. Others may argue that the consistency of a manager’s ethical standards is only possible when he or she following certain set rules while avoiding others. Piccolo, R., Greenbaum, R., Folger, R., & Hartog, D. A. (2010). The

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine Essay

Can politics ever be considered just for Augustine - Essay Example The great influence that his teachings had and continue to have in the modern period can be attributed to his persuasive nature, since the was able to influence the basic processes through which the Christian church operates today; not only the catholic church but also the Eastern Orthodox and the Protestants. With this in mind, it would be prudent to ensure that the teachings of this man are studied so that it can be determined whether he considered politics to be just or not. If one considers Augustine’s teachings, one would come to the conclusion that he believes politics can be just because of his belief in free will. Free will, according to Augustine, is an essential part of the human connection with God (Elshtain, 2004). While this may be the case, he lived during an age where many individuals were often subjected into lifelong servitude and slavery. The latter people did not have the free will to be able to make their own choices in life and only had to submit to the wi ll of their masters, a fact which would not have been in agreement with Augustine’s beliefs. ... democratic system where the free will of an individual is what determined whether he participated in the politics of his society or not (Visser, 2010). The fact that many of the individuals who lived in the Roman society lacked free will because of the autocratic government that was in place, may have had an influence on the teachings of Augustine, who, despite not having been born a Christian, was among those who developed the doctrine of free will in the religious and political scene of the time. According to Augustine, free will existed because it was granted by God, so that in order for an individual to achieve it, it had to be granted by God (Valk, 2009). The fact that some individuals in the society did not possess free will was because God had not seen it fit to grant it to them and this ensured that they were not yet worthy of it. It can be said that those individuals who have the free will to participate in politics have been granted this privilege by God and since God is co nsidered to be just, then there is justice in politics. Free will is absolutely essential to human nature as this is what determines what individuals do with their live, whether good or evil. The ability to make this choice is among the most fundamental aspects of politics because it enables individuals to take differing viewpoints without necessarily having to see eye to eye on some matters. It was this teaching which came to be adopted by the protestant movement, especially the Calvinists, who accepted Augustine’s teaching that there is both free will and divine grace, and as such, the will of an individual is often predestined. One of the conditions which Augustine considers to be necessary for individuals to attain free will is the keeping and fulfilling of all the commandments of

Operations management of the Virgin Atlantic airways Essay

Operations management of the Virgin Atlantic airways - Essay Example The intention of this study is an operations management as a concept that emphasises on the management of the process concerned with production and distribution channels of organisations. Operations management often deal with the internal environment of the organisation. The process of the operations management is totally dependent upon the nature of the manufactured goods along with the organisational processes such as retail, manufacturing and wholesale. Operations management, if implied with efficiency, can reward the organisation with enhanced competency and profitability on the whole. Operations management is implemented in every industry to maintain proper co-ordination in the organisational system. Hence, it can be said that implication of operations management can be highly beneficial. Operations management has a wide concept and therefore is quite complex to be implemented. This requires an effective and comprehensive planning. Virgin Atlantic is an airway services provider. Richard Branson had established this company in the year 1984 with a single aircraft. Presently, Virgin Atlantic is one of the leading airlines service providers. Virgin Atlantic also serves with global satellite stores, telecom services and air buses. The mission statement of virgin Atlantic is â€Å"To grow a profitable airline, that people love to fly and where people love to work†. Their services are far better as compared to the other airline services. They offered highly trained staff. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze the operations management of the Virgin airline services. ... Literature Review It is important to understand the concept of operations management. It is generally the business purpose which sets, coordinates, organises and manages the required resources that is needed by a company to produce services or goods. Operations management engages the management of all the factors such as personnel, technology, equipment, information along with the other existing resources. Thus, it is said to be the central function for every individual company (Scribd, n.d.). The practice of operations management is different depending on the category of the organisation. Organisations can be classified into two extensive categories and they are the service organisations and the manufacturing organisations. The nature and application of the operations management would differ according to the nature of the organisations. It needs to be noted that these two categories of organisations have two basic differences. The first one is that the manufacturing organisations ar e involved in producing goods that are physical and also tangible in nature and has storing facility whereas service organisations are involved in the creation of products that are intangible in nature and does not have the facility of storage which means that production cannot be initiated before time. The second point of distinction is that in case of manufacturing organisations there is hardly any direct contact between the operations and the customers. The only way of developing contact with customer is through retailers and also through distributors. However, in service oriented organisations, it is the customer around whom the service is centred and thus direct interaction between the customer and the operation is immensely important (Scribd, n.d.). According to Johnston

The Modern State and International Relations

The Modern State and International Relations Q2. What is the most significant feature of the modern state and how has it shaped international relations? The core of the early modern period to vast histories of sovereignty and state formation is a topic produced for some of the work done by the most influential political theorists of the past century. However an attempt of understanding the nature of political consciousness requires a historical understanding of the theoretical evolution of the modern state itself. This, in turn, requires an understanding of earlier state formations and ideologies that has influenced the evolution (Nelson, 2006). In this essay, I will discuss the topic of the modern state, its significant feature and how modern state has shaped international relations. In discussing the features, this essay aims to identify and define the term state, the components and key concepts of modern state, followed by the main significant feature and its impact towards the new era of international relations. The modern state is believed to have rises between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries in Europe, and later spread to the rest of the world through conquest and colonialism. This ideal of modern state comprises of four defining characteristics that is territory, sovereignty (external and internal), legitimacy, and bureaucracy. Legitimacy can come in various forms, from traditional, to charismatic, to rational-legal, the latter of which requires a highly effective bureaucracy and some semblance of the rule of law. States uses the four aspects to provide their populations goods such as security, a legal system, and infrastructure. â€Å"Weak states† are those that cannot adequately provide these goods, and once a state has become so weak that it loses effective sovereignty over part of its territory, it may be called a â€Å"failed state† (or in extreme instances a â€Å"collapsed state†) The most definitive terms of state comes from the German political sociologist and economic historian Max Weber (1864–1920). Max Weber claims that â€Å"the state is human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory†. A starting-point for Weber, which contrasted with much earlier thinking, was that the state could not be defined in terms of its goals or functions, but had rather to be understood in terms of its distinctive means. Thus, he argued that â€Å"the state cannot be defined in terms of its ends. There is scarcely any task that some political association has not taken in hand, and there is no task that one could say has always been exclusive and peculiar to those associations which are designated as political ones. Ultimately, one can define the modern state only in terms of the specific means peculiar to it, as to every political association, namely, the use of physical force†. For Web er, the modern state was a particular form of the state which was itself, a particular form of a more general category of political associations. There are two more recent definitions of a state. The first is by a sociologist named Charles Tilly and the second is by the Nobel-laureate economist, Douglass North. Chares Tilly claims that states are â€Å"relatively centralized, differentiated organizations, the officials of which, more or less, successfully claim control over the chief concentrated means of violence within a population inhabiting a large contiguous territory† (Tilly 1985, 170). Douglas North says that â€Å"a state is an organization with a comparative advantage in violence, extending over a geographic area whose boundaries are determined by its power to tax constituents† (North 1981, 21) There are two key concepts of the modern state The territorial state and the unitary sovereign will whereby the modern state project is aimed at replacing confused political order. Global spread of the idea of the nation-state Weber ‘the modern state is the result of a century’s long process of disarming non-state/private actors’. According to Charles Tilley, the state proved itself to be a superior. Modern state can also be associated with charter of the UN. A state is more than a government; that is clear. A state is the means of rule over a defined or sovereign territory. It is comprised of an executive, a bureaucracy, courts and other institutions. In a broad sense, any polity, any politically organised society, can be viewed as a state, and various criteria can be used to distinguish between different kinds of state. There are three components to the modern state comprises of territory, people and central government. Territory comprises of the element on which its other elements exist. People are every territorial unit that participates in international relations supports human life. Central government is the members of the state designated as its official representatives. States not only claim ultimate power within their realms (internal sovereignty), they also claim independence of one another (external sovereignty). Some of the significant features of modern state may be the dominant form of political authority and imagination today but it has taken many and specific forms across the world without completely removing or superseding older languages of power and public authority. According to Weber, the modern statemonopolizesthe means of legitimate physical violenceover awell-defined territory. Monopoly on force– has the right and ability to use violence, in legally defined instances, against members of society, or against other states. Legitimacy– its power is recognized by members of society and by other states as based on law and some form of justice. Territoriality– the state exists in a defined territory (which includes land, water and air) and exercises authority over the population of that territory. Changingconceptions of the modern stateinevitably provoke conflicting views of sovereignty. While some argue that the growing impact of cosmopolitan norms and transnationally-based governance are weakening state sovereignty, others claim that the concept is merely being redefined. Indeed, the latter group even includes proponents of global governance, who argue that state sovereignty can actually be strengthened rather than weakened by the transfer of power to the supranational level. Modernization has brought a series of indisputable benefits to people. Lower infant mortality rate, decreased death from starvation, eradication of some of the fatal diseases, more equal treatment of people with different backgrounds and incomes, and so on. To some, this is an indication of the potential of modernity, perhaps yet to be fully realized. In general, rational, scientific approach to problems and the pursuit of economic wealth seems still too many a reasonable way of understanding good socia l development. At the same time, there are a number of dark sides of modernity pointed out by sociologists and others. Technological development occurred not only in the medical and agricultural fields, but also in the military. Environmental problems comprise another category in the dark side of modernity. Pollution is perhaps the least controversial of these, but one may include decreasing biodiversity and climate change as results of development. The development of biotechnology and genetic engineering are creating what some consider sources of unknown risks. Besides these obvious incidents, many critics point out psychological and moral hazards of modern life alienation, feeling of rootlessness, loss of strong bonds and common values, hedonism, disenchantment of the world, and so on. Likewise, the loss of a generally agreed upon definitions of human dignity, human nature, and the resulting loss of value in human life have all been cited as the impact of a social process/civilization that reaps the fruits of growing privatization, subjectivism, reductionism, as well as a loss of traditional values and worldviews. All states use at least the threat of force to organize public life. The fact that dictatorships might more obviously use force should not hide the fact that state rule in democracies is based on the threat of force (and often the use of force). That states rule through the use of force does not mean that they are all powerful. This explains why North and Tilly only claim that states must have a â€Å"comparative advantage in violence† or have control â€Å"over the chief concentrated means of violence†. Nor does the state’s ability to use force necessarily mean that it can always enforce its will. All states tolerate some non-compliance. At some point, the marginal cost of enforcing laws becomes so great for any state that it prefers to allow some degree of non-compliance rather than spend more resources on improving law enforcement. Idealism is a classical theme of an unchanging and untrustworthy human nature, of anarchy in the international order, of ‘cold war’ as a semi-permanent state, of amorality in international affairs, of the security. The experience of the 1930s – above all, the rise of fascism and the descent into a second world war – dealt a severe blow to this liberal-minded progressivism and made space for what was to become the dominant paradigm in IR: realism and its second-generation progeny, neo-realism. At the heart of the realist approach is the insistence that we study the political world ‘as it actually is and as it ought to be in view of its intrinsic nature, rather than as people would like to see it’ (Morgenthau 1978: 15). For realists, both human nature and the character of international politics to which this gives rise are, in their essentials, timeless and unchanging. These characteristic claims of realism can be developed in terms of the eight key propositions which follow. States are the major actors in world affairs States behave as unitary actors States act rationally International anarchy is the principal force shaping the motives and actions of states States in anarchy are preoccupied with issues of power and security Morality is a radically qualified principle in international politics States are predisposed towards conflict and competition, and often fail to cooperate, even in the face of common interests International organizations have a marginal effect upon these prospects for inter-state cooperation However, critics of realism have never gone unchallenged. States are not the only major actors in world affairs Anarchy is constrained by forms of international cooperation Institutional arrangements may allow for much greater international cooperation than realism supposes International organizations may have a significant effect upon the prospects for inter-state cooperation States are not solely preoccupied with issues of military security Increasingly, international relations are about economic power Realism’ does not reflect ‘reality’ but one world-view (among many) in the service of particular interests In conclusion, while various states justify coercion in different ways, (through elections, through birth, through religion etc.), while they may use coercion for different purposes (to improve social welfare or to enrich themselves), and while their use of coercion may have different effects (higher levels of investment), it is also notable that such commonly-observed features of many modern societies as the nuclear family, slavery, gender roles, and nation states do not necessarily fit well with the idea of rational social organization in which components such as people are treated equally. While many of these features have been dissolving, histories seem to suggest those features may not be mere exceptions to the essential characteristics of modernization, but necessary parts of it. However, it is important to recognize that, although the nation-state has become by far the most predominant political entity in the world, there are still â€Å"stateless nations† like the Kurd s in Iraq and â€Å"diasporic nations† without a clearly identified homeland such as the Roma. As a result, nations and states remain distinct concepts even if they increasingly seem to occur together. References Ahmad, R.E., Eijaz, A., 2011, â€Å"Modern Sovereign State System is under Cloud in the Age of Globalization†, South Asian Studies – A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vl.26, No.2, pp.85-297 Clark, W.R., Golder, M., Golder, S.N., 2012, â€Å"Chapter 4: The Origins of the Modern State†, Principles of Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, pp1-66 Closson, S, Kolsto, P, Seymour, L.J.M., Caspersen, N, 2013, â€Å"Unrecognized States: The Strugge for Sovereignty in the Modern International System†, Nationalities Paper: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity, Routledge Publishing, Vol.41, pp.1-9 Farr, J., 2005, â€Å"Point: The Westphalia Legacy and The Modern Nation-State†, International Social Science Review, Vol. 80, Issue 3/4, pp.156-159 Mann, M, 1993,â€Å"A Theory of The Modern State†, The Sources of Social Power Volume 2, The Rise of Classes and Nation States 1760-1914, Cambridge University Press, Vol.2, pp.44-89 Morris, C.W, â€Å"The Modern State†, Handbook of Political Theory, Sage Publications, pp.1-16 Nelson, B.R, 2006, â€Å"State and Ideology† The Making of the Modern State – a Theoretical Evolution, Palgrave Macmillan, pp.1-177 Netzloff, M., 2014, â€Å"The State and Early Modernity†, Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, University of Pennsylvania Press, Vol. 14, No.1, pp.149-154. Pierson, C, 1996, â€Å"The Modern State: The Second Edition†, Routledge Taylor Francis Group, pp.1-206 Sidaway, J.D., 2013, â€Å"The Topology of Sovereignty†, Geopolitics, Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Vol.18, No.4, pp.961-966 Chapter 3: The Modern State, http://www.chsbs.cmich.edu/fattah/courses/introPolSc/ch03state.htm Introducing Comparative Politics: The Modern State, http://college.cqpress.com/sites/drogusorvis/Home/chapter2.aspx The Problem with Sovereignty: The Modern States Collision with the International Law Movement, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?id=135613contextid774=135613contextid775=135611 1

Lightning Mine Vs Archangel :: essays research papers

The Australian novel, Lightning Mine, covers the development of an iron ore mine on a sacred land guarded by “Namarrkon'; in the Northern Territory. MDG/Global mining was very interested in the area, and sent their chief prospector, Aaron Shoemaker to investigate the land. Whilst Shoemaker is there, he sets off a chain of corporate and government tactics to ensure the development of the mine on the Aboriginal sacred site. These tactics, as you can imagine, were not overly fair to the Aboriginal people, and their only hope was through University of Sydney law graduate, Jarra Mariba. Quickly, the development of the themes and issues become clear, especially through the arrogant ignorance of the CEO of MDG/Global corporation portrayed by the author. “No stone is unturned in the name of progress';, states the CEO to Jarra, showing the clear message that nothing will stop the capitalist machine from destroying the sacred land. With full government support, the mine goes ahead, and quickly Shoemaker realises what this will lead to. The corporate tactics continue to ensure a smooth running of the mine, even to the extent of killing Mariba’s wife. The resolution of the book fits in well with the theme. Namarrkon: The Lightning Spirit, the guard of the sacred site, stirs up a freak electrical storm, and totally destroys the mine. Furthermore, the CEO, Sir Peter Gables, gets killed by the storm whilst in a helicopter trying to escape the wraith of the storm. Mariba gets shot, but is amazingly saved by Shoemaker, who is a changed man by this time. What the novel focuses on is that it takes a supernatural event to stop such capitalist progress, but it can happen. My International novel was set in a very different context, present day Russia. The book was extremely well done, and is about the opening of the Soviet achieves. Central to the story, is Fluke Kelso, a middle-aged former Oxford historian who comes into contact with an old NKVD guard who was present during Stalin’s final hours. The former NKVD officer tells Kelso of a little black oilskin notebook which stalin kept close, which lead into a race against time to find the book, as the news quickly spreads. The secrets to Stalin’s life open up, and soon a Stalinist/Marxist fanatic called Mamantov goes in search for Stalin’s famous unknown son, as well as Kelso, and an international reporter wanting a good story.

Museum Project Formal Analysis

ARTH 1001: Museum Formal Analysis Paper The Tiber Muse Winged Victory of the Nike of Samothrace Justinian and Attendants from San Vitale Adrienne Keiser TA- Anna, Tuesday Section April 23rd, 2013 The Tiber Muse, originally discovered in the vicinity of the Tiber River in Rome in 1885, is a product of the Graeco-Roman era and is dated around the 2nd-1st century BCE. This date and other formal qualities of the sculpture such as the pose, drapery and medium suggest that it was produced during the Hellenistic Period of Greece and Asia Minor, and then imported to Rome at a later date.The importation, copying, and public display of Greek art were common from the start of Roman conquering of Greek territories and throughout the Roman Imperial era. The formal qualities of this piece, to be explored later in this exhibition, are comparable to those of the Nike of Samothrace in that they both exhibit the dramatic, elaborate techniques common of the Hellenistic Period (323-30 BCE) that embrace a range of emotions, providing us with an overpowering, multi-sensory experience as we view these pieces.The qualities and purpose of art during the Hellenistic Period were quite different from those of the Byzantine Era, to be further explored by comparing these two sculptures with the Justinian and Attendants mosaic from San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy. Through a formal analysis of these three works, the meaning, purpose and values of the culture that produced them will become clear, and we can further understand the historical context of these two very different time periods. The Hellenistic Period is the time between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and the emergence of the Roman Imperial Empire.Greek cultural power and influence was at its height, and there was great prosperity and progress with the arts, theatre, literature, music, philosophy, science and architecture. During this period, Greek culture, influence and language was spreading to other parts of the world. This contributed to a wide variety in art, producing complex, individual and idealized works, allowing us to admire them from all angles. Hellenistic art seeks expressability and a forcefulness of details, focusing on the height of the moment by expressing the violence of movements.In great statuary, Hellenistic art explores themes such as suffering, sleep, age, victories, and real, intimate moments frozen in time. The Tiber Muse and the Nike of Samothrace both exhibit these qualities in many ways. The Tiber Muse is about four feet high and constructed out of marble. The pose and arm positioning of the subject suggests it is a sculpture of a muse caught in the moment of playing an instrument. Even though she is missing her head, most of her arms and feet/base, her pose is similar to other known muses.The oval tear (near her right arm) in her garment suggests a rare, iconographic tradition whereby musicians were represented with less restricting clothing on their playing arms. Thus, this tear does not suggest an erotic encounter, but rather a young female bending over a rock, caught in the moment of playing an instrument. This element of sculpture capturing an intimate moment in time is definitely a quality of Hellenistic sculpture. This statue projects into our space, and it is clear one needs to observe it from many different angles to fully understand it.This is very similar to the Nike of Samothrace, even though it is safe to say the Nike statue projects into our space more intensely than the Tiber Muse. This is because the Nike of Samothrace was originally placed on the front of a ship to commemorate a naval victory, and then turned in to an elaborate fountain structure at the head of the Daru staircase in the Louvre in Paris. The Tiber Muse was meant to be a smaller, more intimate piece that demonstrates the moment of a musician playing, whereas the Nike of Samothrace was sculpted to be a larger-than-life symbol of victory and strength.Both the Tiber Muse and The Nike of Samothrace show a mastery of form and movement in marble, that creates a deliberate relationship to the space around the statues. In the Nike statue, the wind that has carried her and which she is fighting off, straining to keep steady, is the invisible complement of the figure and the viewer is made to imagine it. The Tiber Muse’s pose draws us in to her moment, and forces us to imagine all sensory elements of the space around her—the sound of the music, her motions of playing, and the air around her.In this way, both statues create this sense of auditory drama as well as a multi-sensory, overpowering experience that encompasses many Hellenistic artworks. These two works both make us a participant while viewing, however, I would argue that the Tiber Muse reflects the range of real emotions and a more realistic view of people than does the Nike statue, because the Nike was used to commemorate a victory and was meant to be more symbolic, honoring a godd ess and a sea victory, whereas the muse is nameless and captures a more intimate, real moment.The Nike depicts a more supernatural experience that blows us away with its incredible deep undercuttings, shadows and Phidian style drapery. While the Tiber Muse also uses similar drapery techniques as well as deep undercuttings and shadowing, the Nike is seen as an iconic depiction of triumphant spirit and the divine momentarily coming face to face with man. The Tiber Muse’s use of these techniques was to create an idealized portrait of a muse caught in the moment of playing, rather than to represent a goddess of victory and connection to the divine.This idea of capturing a raw, realistic moment and the movement from portraying the divine to portraying real people became more apparent later in the Hellenistic period, explaining why these two works differ in their purpose and meaning. Thus, although using similar mediums and sculpting techniques, the original contexts of these two w orks differ greatly, in that the Nike was meant to be viewed publicly on a grand scale, and the Muse is smaller and was probably meant to be a private display of one’s social status or education.Although the Justinian mosaic in San Vitale is very different from these two statues in medium, time period and display of figures, the idea of connecting man to the divine is alive in this work as well. Here, the purple on the robe of Justinian connects him to the divine, in that purple was considered a Holy color, often shown on representations of Christ. However, the purpose of this connection of Justinian to Christ was of propagandistic use, not to symbolize a great victory and a triumphant spirit, as in the Nike of Samothrace.During the early Byzantine Era, Justinian ruled from Constantinople, but expanded his rule into the west, making Ravenna a new Western outpost. He constructed San Vitale and the mosaics on the sides of the nave archade to display his ultimate rule and to por tray himself as being above most citizens and having a close relationship to Christ. Some even go as far as to argue that he believed he was a descendant of Christ. The colors in this mosaic and throughout San Vitale were of traditional Byzantine style in that they are meant to disorient you and bring you into a different world.The method of using glass tesserae to create mosaics is also a creation of the Byzantine times. The portrayal of the figures in this mosaic is what makes this work differ greatly from the other statues explored earlier. The figures are flat, clearly two-dimensional subjects depicted with little difference in size, facial expression and human anatomy. Their only difference between the figures comes from the color of the clothing or what they are holding. There is no clear depiction of human form, using little to no shadowing or drapery.This is due to the purpose and time period in which it was created. During Byzantine times, this portrait of Justinian and his ensemble was to demonstrate power to the illiterate people about the authority of Justinian Rule, thus making the original purpose of this work truly propagandistic. By exploring, comparing and contrasting formal qualities of the Tiber Muse, the Winged Victory of Nike of Samothrace, and the Justinian mosaic of San Vitale, we can deduce several conclusions about the purpose and historical contexts of each work of art.Although the two statues examined were from the same stylistic period, each has its own purpose for being. The Nike of Samothrace is a brilliant Hellenistic display of the multi-sensory drama that a great naval victory entails by projecting into our space. Its purpose was to symbolize a great victory over struggle and divine help or grace. The Tiber Muse also exhibits those Hellenistic sculpture techniques that the Nike statue has, such as drapery and shadowing, but is a more realistic display of an intimate moment.Both show intense detail of human anatomy, but the muse doesn’t have the â€Å"divine† element the Nike has, but rather a sensual element that brings us into her moment of playing music. The purpose of the Justinian mosaic was to demonstrate the fusion of his political and religious power, thus there is little attention to detail or the human form that is so pertinent in the two Hellenistic sculptures. Works Cited: Roberts, Christopher. How to Recognize and Date a Muse: Torn Garments, Marble Types, and the Tiber Muse in the Minneapolis Institute of the Arts.The Classical Association of the Middle West and South. N. p. , 2005. Web. 21 Apr. 2013. . Images of the Works of Art The Winged Victory of the Nike of Samothrace 220-190 BCE, Hellenistic Period The Tiber Muse 2nd-1st Century BCE, Graeco-Roman or more specifically, the Hellenistic Period Gallery G230, Acquisition Number 56. 12 Justinian and his Attendants from San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy 546 CE, Byzantine Era

5 Reasons Why Selling to Libraries is a Top Priority

5 Reasons Why Selling to Libraries is a Top Priority 5 Reasons Why Selling to Libraries Needs to be a Top Priority Amy Collins is a publishing industry expert, author of The Write Way, and founder of New Shelves Books, one of the fastest growing book distribution, sales, and marketing companies in North America. As a former sales director for a large book and magazine publisher, she has sold to Barnes Noble, Target, Costco, and many other major chains.If you are looking for a new source of income from your self-published book, libraries are something you really should consider. Libraries in the US are experiencing a huge surge in foot traffic. Public librarians are seeing a LOT more patrons, and their check out rates are skyrocketing. The good news? Â  Their budgets are going up too. In many cities, the annual budget for libraries is increasing - new locations are opening, and old ones are reopening at historical rates.US libraries spend over 3 billion dollars each year on materials (books, magazines, e-journals), so you should consider using some of your sales and marketing time to present yo ur book to librarians. US Libraries spend over $3b a year on materials. How can #selfpub authors get a piece of the pie? 1. Fiction and Children’s books are the top categories, but non-fiction is catching upAccording to the ALA Materials Survey published in March 2015, the most popular categories in public libraries were Children’s picture books, general fiction, mystery/thrillers, cookbooks and memoir/bio. The complete list is here.2. Librarians want more books that drive traffic into their libraries.When more people come to a library, it demonstrates the need for that library in the community. Â  As a result, budgets will go up; they will hire more staff, and everyone is happy. For independent authors, this is also great news: 92% of librarians surveyed between May 2016 – July 2016 by New Shelves stated that they regularly buy books from self-published authors and small presses. 3. eBooks and audiobooks are the fastest growing type of book purchases.Ebook and audiobooks are a terrific way to get your book into the hands of avid readers. Â  Libraries spend over 25% of their budgets on ebooks and audiobook downloads. These types of books cost you far less to sell because there are no printing costs. Focus on your ebook and audiobook sales to libraries and make even MORE money.To learn more about how to get your ebooks into libraries, read our master guide on ebook distribution!4. Sell to one library, sell to manyOnce one library has your book and the check-out rates start showing up on reports, other librarians will start ordering your book. The growth and spread of your book’s sales and popularity will start happening while you are not even looking! Get your book into a few libraries within a system and watch out for your new sales.5. You can do this with just a few simple materials.There are materials that Librarians can use to decide if your book is something they want to buy. These items are:a one-page sales sheet with your book’s details and description,a one-page sheet about the author that showcases what a great person you are,a marketing plan and an outline showing all the ways you are going to promote the book,a list of things you are willing to do to help the library promote the book and your topic.Create an email that focuses on the librarian's goals instead of on how great your book is. The proper attitude, the right tone, and appropriate submission materials will get you much further than your belief that your book should be a best-seller.Have you ever considered selling your book to a library, or does it seem like too much effort for too little return? Let us know your thoughts and questions in the comments below.

Y2k Bug Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards

Y2k Bug Essays - Calendars, Software Bugs, COBOL, Hazards Y2k Bug David Eggleston Review of Literature 2/24/99 Teri Ferguson Y2K Bug The turn of the century is rapidly approaching. This should be a time of high hopes for the future; the United States has advanced in all sorts of technology. The United States has advanced a great deal with computers, which are able to automate many difficult jobs, calculate extravagant equations, and make life easier for most people. The computer is an amazing tool allowing the United States to excel in the world. But, computers can also be the loadstone of the United States in the year 2000. The computer bug commonly known as Y2K can cause this. Y2K will cause a computers date registry to read 00 in which the computer will interpret 1900. Many people have their own opinions about how this will effect the United States and to what degree it will be effected, if the United States will be effected at all. A writer for Time Magazine states that there are wide ranges of people that are being effected in different ways by the Y2K problem. The author describes how many people are preparing for the worst and that some of those people believe that the Biblical Armageddon will arrive in the year 2000. It was stated that the Y2K problem is just another thing to keep people entertained. This was described by how the movie industry moved from spy movies such as James Bond at the end of the cold war to more sci-fi movies such as Godzilla because there was no real world problem. The purpose of this article is to simply point out that there is an actual problem with the Y2K phenomenon in order to make people aware that there are dangers even if it is just in the form of doomsayers. These points of the author are strong enough and realistic enough to make the problem known to the people but does not display any idea one way or the other. A marketing organization known as Arial Marketing posted a contingency plan on the internet that gives a view that there is going to be a strong enough problem with Y2K that one must prepare for it. This argument is supported by a few quotes from officials and high-ranking people in their respective fields. Arial Marketing made this posting slanting toward the fact that there will definitely be a problem with Y2K. Arial Marketing has even posted bad and a worst case preparation table. The purpose of this site is to tell people that their will be a Y2K problem and that in order to help people prepare for a situation Eggleston 2 two. This opinion is a strong one that is well presented and cautious with the quotes from many people backing it up. In The Year 2000 Problem: The Year the Earth Stands Still Written by a one Gary North, Gary North clearly argues his own opinion about the Y2K problem. He really does not support his case by any facts other than his strong determination to make sure that everyone knows his point of view. The point of view that he tends to support is one of terrible visions of the absolute worst case scenario of the Y2K problem. He does not have any other kind of opinion of anything less and is quite sure of the idea that the world will crash because of the Y2K problem. The purpose of this article is to display Gary Norths opinion of the Y2K problem in order to get people to prepare for the worst. The argument that Gary North has presented is a weak one for he has only state opinionated facts and has not supported this argument with any hard evidence. In just under a year the year 2000 will arrive with many hopes but it will also arrive with a Y2K bug. This bug will definitely effect some things, and maybe effect major things. The only thing that the people can do is simply prepare for the worst and hope for the best. Many organizations and even the government of the United States are working and hacking at this problem. Many organizations are making headway and will be ready to great the new millennium; others will most

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model Essay

Critical Case Study Exploration Using Gibbs Model - Essay Example She also appeared to lack confidence in her nursing skills and had difficulties in relating theory to practice. Stage II Nursing skills are developed over time using education as a sound base along with the number of rich experiences (Dracup, 2004). Dreyfus had described the five stages that a nurse travelled through in her service: â€Å"novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert† (Dracup, 2004). Mentoring has been accepted as a sound method to facilitate the growth of a nurse in her journey from novice to expert. Mentoring has been defined as a relationship in which a more experienced person acts as an advisor for someone less experienced to assist his or her personal growth and development (ODEOPE 1999). The mentor ensures that her life experiences and knowledge are passed onto her mentee. The support motivates and enhances her career (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Mentors are competent people who are approachable and reasonable by nature apart from their ardent commitment to their wards. Heartfield and Gibson have identified four themes in relationship to nurse mentoring in general practice (2005). The mentor has to be qualified and experienced to choose the role of mentoring. The mentor and mentee must be accommodative to new relationships with cordiality. The mentee must be receptive to different mentors at different stages of her nursing journey. The infrastructure needs to promote equity in practice and provide workplace relief. Sound practice must be within ethical standards. Education must be a continuing process. The workplace must be flexible and conducive to professional development (Heartfield and Gibson, 2005). Technology support has to be available. Mentoring programs allowed the sharing of knowledge, skills and values one had with a less experienced novice nurse (NLN, 2006). The mentor passed on a legacy or gift to the mentee. The nursing profession was strengthened and patient care was improved through this sharing men tality (Henk, 2005). A successful partnership was trust-based and each would be spending time and energy to allow it to grow. Soon the mentor became a role-model (Kuhl, 2005). Literature however did not provide sufficient evaluation of mentoring programs. Future research has to focus on adequate evaluation of programs with appropriate variables. Cognitive and metacognitive skills needed to be developed for the appropriate clinical reasoning skill (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). Self-regulated learning required these skills for reflective practice. An exhaustive survey of literature has found that reflective clinical reasoning depended on the acquiring of these skills (Kuiper and Pesut, 2004). The finding was that attention had to be provided to critical thinking and also to development of the metacognitive and cognitive skills for self-regulated reflective practice. Both were closely interlinked. Future studies needed to focus on considering these separate mechanisms, which supported teac hing and learning, together. Reflection if done purposefully was related to the adult learning theory (Cirocco, 2007). Issues could be understood with depth leading to the development of judgement and nursing skill. The critical thinking ability of nurses was examined by the College of Nurses of Ontario using a newly developed tool. All the 34 respondents were practicing reflection and 24 were using the new tool of which 19 claimed improvement. The limitation was that clear definitions of critical

Marketing Plan for Starbucks Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Plan for Starbucks - Research Paper Example A representative of the Oromia Coffee Farmers Cooperative Union. Tadesse Meskela argues that Starbucks sells its coffee in the market for $14 per pound whereas; it buys coffee for only $1.20 per pound which is even lower than production cost (Hot News, 2010). Such concerns are being discussed at the political and national level. Coffee producing nations can also impact the operations of the company and can threaten the United States to stop the trade of coffee. For the Ethiopian farmer's trademarking has become very important, therefore, Ethiopian government asked Starbucks to sign an agreement of ownership in Coffee, however, Starbucks refused to sign it (Oromoindex, 2009). Such concerns can directly influence the operations of a company. Increasing inflation has increased the cost of coffee, thereby, affected the revenues of coffee companies. Starbucks’ first-quarter sales increased by 2.9 percent because of higher coffee prices (Singh, 2009). The growing demand for energy and other beverages and food can influence the demand of coffee in the U.S. According to 2009 trends, consumption of coffee remained consistent at 54 percent of the total adult population partaking (National Coffee Association of USA, 2009). Discretionary spending in the U.S. for the year 2010 is $1.39 trillion and 38 percent out of total spending. Around $844 billion was spent on security and $553 billion was spent on agriculture ($25 billion) (Amadeo, 2010). Technological developments have also enhanced the capability of Starbucks to increase its green practices. For example, at several stores of Starbucks, the company is experimenting with compact fluorescent lights and energy saving fixtures (Allison, 2008). Environmental protection programs and practices are very important for the companies operating in the United States.